Analysis Of Robert Epperson s Seinfeld And The Moral Life

Introduction One of the most common criticisms of Seinfeld is that the characters and writing of the show are amoral . These critics may point to episodes like â€Å"The Marine Biologist,† where Jerry and George a purposefully lie to a woman about George’s career so that George may have a chance of sleeping with her. On one hand it’s tempting to dismiss these critics as nitpicking or misconstruing comic content, but on the other hand I feel that their claims are misguided. In fact, I have observed that there are in fact many ethical themes in Seinfeld, and I am certainly not alone in that observation. That observation is the crux of Robert Epperson’s article â€Å"Seinfeld and the Moral Life,† compiled in the 2000 book, Seinfeld and Philosophy. Epperson argues, as I will throughout the essay, that, â€Å"Seinfeld is largely about characters attempting to live a moral life.† This view has particularly informed this essay in that I feel that not only is t he show largely about its characters attempting to pinpoint and act upon morally correct actions, but that each character has a unique philosophical moral system. As my example, I will demonstrate that Jerry acts with a particularly duty bound ethical system, which I describe as being deontological in nature, which appears to be influenced by the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant in particular. Jerry, throughout the series, acts in a way that could be described as utilizing a somewhat inconsistent, but generally deontological ethical

Essay On Reincarnation - 875 Words

Andre Ballard July 30, 2017 Reincarnation Number of Words: 875 Life after death is a concept that has been around for many centuries. Many philosophers came to the idea that there had to be something after our life ends. For some, they believe in the afterlife. Another concept is that of reincarnation. Reincarnation is the believe that once the physical body dies, the soul is then reborn as a different being. Some religious teachings are actually said to have skewed some of the details about reincarnation. Reincarnation usually catches criticism of what it entails from the western hemisphere as we didn’t to put our beliefs into physical things or something we can prove exists. However, when asking religious groups about reincarnation†¦show more content†¦This happens with one simple solution. Planning. Before physical birth the soul choses what type of experiences it wishes to have (such as being charitable to those in his community) and chooses a body in which to live out that life. Sometimes, the soul may choose a body that wi ll not be born or whose live will end rather shortly (a mother losing her baby). In these cases, the soul has decided to help another soul experience and learn from loss of a loved one. Between lives, the soul does not immediately become reborn. There is a time spent reflecting on the experiences learned. Now when we talk about reincarnation the one thing most are familiar with is the law of Karma. What goes around comes around. However, it is misunderstood. It’s not merely because you killed this man in a later life that man will kill you. Instead Karma is more about learning through entanglement. If one violates the other’s free will then the entanglement is formed until the victim later similarly violates the other’s. In this process both souls now have the experience of being the victim and the aggressor and both souls will grow as well as the entanglement being fulfilled at this point. This Karmic law is not to be confused with some type of justice. As to t he soul there are no injustices just new experiences to gain and learn from. Through many religious teachings you will hear that reincarnation is a vicious endless cycle ofShow MoreRelated Reincarnation Essay4255 Words   |  18 PagesReincarnation Although reincarnation is not a scientifically proven fact, its existence cannot be disproved either. Reincarnation is central to Buddhist philosophy. Without the existence of reincarnation, among other things, the law of karma would not hold, thus throwing into question almost all other tenets of Buddhism (Tibetan or otherwise). At the same time, Buddhism is a religion that asks practitioners to examine each of its beliefs closely before accepting them. Of all other world religionsRead More Reincarnation Essay3486 Words   |  14 PagesReincarnation I suppose in the world, today, there are really three approaches to the idea of reincarnation. A two-fold one in the West, where the idea itself is almost non-existent, either a belief in the transmigration of souls - that you could be a human being in one life and an animal in the next, and therefore that there is great danger in swiping flies and treading on ants because it could be your grandmother -- or simply an interest in past lives. That is almost the soleRead MoreEssay On Reincarnation726 Words   |  3 Pagespast-life memory. â€Å"Dà ©jà  -vu experiences are anomalies that have been defined as...spontaneous past life experiences† (Haraldsson). Reincarnation is the idea that your soul can be born in a new body after the death of a previous one. This concept originated in ancient cultures of India, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, but it still appears today. Thousands of cases of reincarnation have been recorded all over the world in both religious and non-religious societies. 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Reincarnation is the rebirth of a soul or spirit which follows after death into a new body and begins another life. The three major Hindu gods were Vishnu the protector, Brahma the creator, and Shiva theRead MoreThe Moment ( Kubler Ross 25 )1454 Words   |  6 Pagessome sort of afterlife whether it be a place or transportation of the soul. Reincarnation is a very common belief by most humans. This is a Buddhist and Hindu belief of the afterlife. Reincarnation is the belief that souls within every living organism never die, applying to plants, animals, and people. Reincarnation is all based on karma. Karma s law included in the belief that determines someone’s life. In reincarnation, if one has good karma, one ascends to a higher spiritual being like going from

ERP in Cadbury Organization-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Choose any Organization and analyse why this Company needs an ERP System and what is going to be involved with the initial startup. Answer: Introduction This is a report, which will portray the enterprise resource planning of a organization named Cadbury. The report will analyze the need of implementing the enter resource planning system in the organization, the type of enterprise resource system, the components and the implementation strategy for the organization. The report will conclude with the future developments of implications of using this system. Enterprise resource management is used for providing real time view of various processes and the activities within the organization. The system stores data of all the management processes in the database of the organization. Moreover, the system keeps track of all the resources that is necessary for smooth functioning of the business processes. Cadbury is a multinational company, which is based in United kingdom and has its base of operation in Birmingham (Cadbury Chocolate | Cadbury.co.uk, 2017). It is one of the largest brand of confectioneries in the world and have an extended pr oduct line. The organization can be considered to before runners in their market segment and have a large base of operations. In 1824, John Cadbury, the founder of Cadbury opened a grocery store in Birmingham. He sold cocoa and drinking chocolate, which was being famous at that time due to their taste. Moreover, the drinking chocolate being made by him was being seen as one of the alternative of conventional drinks such as tea and coffee. Gradually, his chocolate preparation began to gain popularity in the nearby areas. By 1831, first manufacturing facility of Cadbury was born. This is being decided by John Cadbury due to the increased demand of his products. In this time, he thought of selling his products in bigger way. By 1842, Cadbury grown as a brand and already was selling more than 16 variants of chocolates. Currently, they are one of the most renowned confectionary brands in the world. Need of ERP system Cadbury was growing at a very fast rate and the existing systems in the organization were slowing them down. There were lot of inefficiencies in organizational procedures and it was affecting the supply chain of the organization. The existing system of the organization had become outdated and moreover, the rival organizations were making successful enterprise resource transitions. Thus, in order to maintain their sustainability in the market and regain their competitive advantage in the market Cadbury had to introduce enterprise resource system into their business model (Al-Ghofaili Al-Mashari, 2014). The organization wanted to reduce the overall cost of the processes and the SAP based enterprise resource management system would reduce the cost of sales, distribution, marketing and global systems. This had also helped in smoothening of the various organizational procedures by reducing the delays in the process. Thus, the organizational processes would be able to match up to the fast -paced growth of the organization. One of the key inefficiencies being identified in the order system for Cadbury is the involvement of more cost. The cost that they are incurring in their order system is more than that of their competitors. Thus, it is increasing the cost of their products. Another inefficiency being identified is the consumption of more time in the whole process. It is being identified that, the order process of Cadbury is consuming more time, which is causing delay in the inbound and outbound transportation. Type of ERP system Cadbury implemented the Sap based enterprise resource management system and this is the most widely used system in the world. ERP system are implemented on the basis of the size of the business and the supply chain in the organization. Cadbury was one of the first major companies to implement the ERP system in to the organization. R/3 is the suite that was implemented in to the organization process and procedure. This type of system is mainly used by the large-scale companies and can be customized in order to fulfil the needs o9f the organization. R/3 uses architecture, which is based on the server and client and can be executed on different types of platforms such as Windows, OS/400 and Unix (Holub Bruckner, 2016). The implementation of R/3 can be done by using a variety of database packages that may include SQL Server and Oracle. Cadbury introduced a new warehouse system, which can used for the better implementation of the processes of the organization. This structure was then imp lemented to the branch offices and the depots. Components of ERP Figure 1 (Source: Laudon Laudon, 2016) Enterprise resource management system is used for managing all the resources in the organization. The ERP management system can be used for the tracking all the processes and the procedures of the organization (Laudon Laudon, 2016). This software is cross-functional and is used for supporting all the business processes in the internal processes of the organization. However, the ERP processes are developed based on the needs of the organization and the components of ERP are as follows: Inventory Human resources Purchase Sales and marketing Customer relationship management Finance and accounting Supply chain management Production However, it was difficult for the organization to implement this procedure in all the processes of the organization. Thus, the initial process of implementation of the procedure started with only one of the components and it took time to implement the process in an effective way. The organization implemented the big bang approach and the implementation was based on the company. The organization had aligned with the external vendors so that they can manage the processes in an effective way (Nwankpa, 2015). Cadbury formed partnership with IBM for the management of the infrastructure and Siemens for the management of ERP partnership. The organization implemented big bang approach, which is based on functions in India and then it, took one year for the company to implement the whole procedure in all the different branches of the organization. Moreover, the whole system was driven by the top management of the organization and combined all the procedures in to a single phase. Component Description Enterprise resource management consist of all the important process and procedures of the organization. The enterprise resource processes are as follows: Human resource: The human resource management process is used for the efficient managame4nt of the workforce. The module will facilitate in the management of information of the employees and tracking of designations, performance reviews, time, attendance tracking and skill matrix (Fischer et al., 2017). The ERP system will also manage the payroll system, which will assist in management of the compensation of the workforce. Inventory: The stocks of the organization are maintained with the help of the ERP management system. The items are in the inventory are given a unique serial number which will assist in management of the inventory by keeping a track of all the items by detecting the current location. Sales: The process of sales includes enquiry analysis, sales queries, accepting sales orders, handling quotations, drafting sales invoices and dispatch of materials and tracking of orders. These processes are effective managed with the assistance from the enterprise resources management system (Usman, Coombs Neil, 2014). Finance and Accounting: The outflow and the inflow of cash are managed with the ERP system. The transaction related to accounts like balance sheet, profit and loss, income statement, budget, tax management and payment receipts are managed with the assistance of the Enterprise Resource management system (Nofal Yusof, 2016). The ERP system can easily manage this module and reduces the cost of operations of the organization. Purchase: The procurement of all the raw materials are managed in this module. The functionalities that are included in the module are linking of supplier and items, listing of suppliers and vendors, recording and receiving of quotations, quotation analysis, updating of stocks and reports (Nwankpa Roumani, 2014). This module is integrated with production and inventory module, which helps in providing update of the stocks. Production: Production planning, usage of raw materials and machine scheduling and tracking of daily production and reporting of actual production are the functionalities of production module. Customer relationship management: This department helps in boosting the sale of the organization providing the consumers with desired level of service and product. The detail information regarding the consumers are tracked with the customer relationship management module which will include calls, meetings, history, contract duration and purchase details (Al-Jabri Roztocki, 2015). Supply chain management: The management of the supply chain is important for increasing the efficiency of the organization. The various parties included in the supply chain procedure include stockiest, distributor, supplier, manufacturer and retailer (Acar et al., 2017). The ERP system can be easily used for the management of supply and demand. Implementation Plan Cadbury was very careful in implanting the ERP procedure and they took their time. The implementation started in Cadbury India in one of the modules. The process was completely monitored by the higher officials in the organization and when the implementation was a success, it took fewer amounts of times to implement the procedure in the other modules. Thus, after implementation of the procedure in one of the branches it was implemented in all the other branches from all over the world (Nour Mouakket, 2013). The organization implemented big bang in all the processes if the organization to completely transform the processes of the organization. In 1995, Cadbury had first implemented their ERP systems in their organization. The implementation process was being initiated with the use of the big bang approach. The implementation was being done in the phased manner rather than as a pilot project. This enables them to have enhanced the strength of the foundation of their ERP system. Accord ingly, they have source their requirements and used it in phases. They have partnered with Siemens for the implementation of the ERP system due to the reason that, Siemens is one of the leading software providers in the world along with having the experiences of managing the ERP systems of various big brands around the world. Moreover, Cadbury implemented their first ERP system in India and Siemens have their market presence in India as well. They have also partnered with IBM for the management partnership due to the reason that IBM is a leading brand in management consultation and it helped them to improve their management effectiveness. Future Development The organization has been able to maintain a stable management information system in the organization where the data is enter once a year. The data is updated once a year and the consolidated data can be viewed from all the departments of the organization so that the decision can be made in an effective way from all department of the processes. The organization is using vertical integration, which will help to evaluate and monitor all the processes of the business model in an effective way (Elbardan Kholeif, 2017). Thus, the organization will be able to make continuous improvements to the enterprise resources management system. Thus, the organization will able to maintain their competitive advantage in the market. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the report that Cadbury was in need of an enterprise resource management system as their organizational processes were slower compared to the growth of the company. However, the implementation of the ERP system has helped the organization in making the changes to the processes. The processes have become faster and the organization has been able to reduce the cost of operations. Thus, the organization is able to increase their profit margin and regain their competitive advantage in the market. Thus, the report has been able to highlight the importance of Enterprise resource management system in an organization. References Acar, M. F., Acar, M. F., Zaim, S., Zaim, S., Isik, M., Isik, M., ... Calisir, F. (2017). Relationships among ERP, supply chain orientation and operational performance: An analysis of structural equation modeling.Benchmarking: An International Journal,24(5), 1291-1308. Al-Jabri, I. M., Roztocki, N. (2015). Adoption of ERP systems: Does information transparency matter?.Telematics and Informatics,32(2), 300-310. Elbardan, H., Kholeif, A. O. R. (2017). ERP, Internal Auditing and Corporate Governance. InEnterprise Resource Planning, Corporate Governance and Internal Auditing(pp. 13-54). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Fischer, M., Heim, D., Hsselbarth, M., Winkelmann, A. (2017, July). Assessing Organization-System Fit in ERP Selection ProceduresA Literature Review. InInternational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 134-149). Springer, Cham. Holub, I., Bruckner, T. (2016). Measuring complexity of SAP systems.Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, (8), 60-67. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Nofal, M. I. M., Yusof, Z. M. (2016). Conceptual model of enterprise resource planning and business intelligence systems usage.International Journal of Business Information Systems,21(2), 178-194. Nour, M. A., Mouakket, S. (2013). A classification framework of critical success factors for ERP systems implementation: A multi-stakeholder perspective. InCompetition, Strategy, and Modern Enterprise Information Systems(pp. 98-113). IGI Global. Nwankpa, J. K. (2015). ERP system usage and benefit: A model of antecedents and outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,45, 335-344. Nwankpa, J. K., Roumani, Y. (2014). The Influence of Organizational Trust and Organizational Mindfulness on ERP Systems Usage.CAIS,34, 85. Usman, A., Coombs, C., Neil, D. (2014). Use of ERP systems: a social shaping perspective.MCIS 2014 Proceedings. Cadbury Chocolate | Cadbury.co.uk. (2017). Retrieved 4 November 2017, from https://www.cadbury.co.uk/ Al-Ghofaili, A. A., Al-Mashari, M. A. (2014, August). ERP system adoption traditional ERP systems vs. cloud-based ERP systems. InInnovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2014 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 135-139). IEEE.

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay Example

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay In literature symbolism is an important device that has many layers of hidden meaning by using an object or action that means more than its literal meaning. William Golding has said that his novel â€Å"Lord of the Files† is symbolic from the beginning until the end when the boys are rescued. During the course of the novel these symbols are constantly changing, giving us a new interpretation of the island society. In novel there are three important symbols that evolve in what they mean during the story. The first symbol is fire, which changes its representation from hope to destruction. The seconded symbol is Piggy’s glasses, which are a symbol that represent innovation, advancement but soon become a symbol that regresses into savagery. The last symbol is the conch shell which, at first, is a symbol of the organization of island society and then it becomes a symbol of the breakdown of society that the boys have tried to create. In the novel, the use of fire changes when the boys become more and more savage. In the beginning the boys use the fire as a signal for the ships that might pass by. It represents their hope of getting rescued. Ralph suggests the idea of a signal fire and what it cam do for them, â€Å"If a ship comes near the island the may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire† (Golding,38). Later on when the boys start to forget the purpose of the fire, Ralph reminds them again, â€Å"The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued except by luck, if we don’t keep the fire going?† (Golding,80). These actions demonstrate that the fire is the only hope for the boys to get rescued if not by luck. Keeping the fire going is one of the most important elements to their hope for rescue. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Symbolism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Symbolism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Symbolism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As the story progresses, many of the boys become more wild and savage. They then begin to use the fire in a destructive way. In chapter twelve of the book Jack and his tribe m

Is the attempt to manage employees cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far

Introduction This paper is aimed at showing that in most cases, the management of employees’ emotions and cultural values is ineffective and unethical even despite the fact that this idea appeals to many business administrators. In order to elaborate this argument, it is first necessary to discuss the concept of organizational culture and explain how the values of employees are formed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the attempt to manage employees’ cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, I will try to demonstrate that people’s attitudes toward an organization depend mostly on the nature of their work and their long-term experiences with the company. Moreover, they are dependent on their cultural background. The main task is to show that they cannot be shaped through a planned initiative. These issues will be disc ussed in Section One. Furthermore, in Section Two, I will try to show that the management of workers’ values and emotions can result in conformist thinking in the organization and inability to critique other people. Finally, Section Three will be aimed at examining the ethical aspects of managing cultural values and emotions of employees. In particular, I will try to demonstrate such attempts can encroach on the ethical integrity of a person. These are the issues that I would like to address in this paper. Factors influencing cultural values and emotions of employees Overall, organizational culture is one of the first concepts that should be discussed. In their article, Shahzad et al. (2012) provide several definitions of this notion. First, they define culture as a set of assumptions or values that differentiate a particular organization (Shahzad et al. 2012, p. 976). Moreover, in this context, this term can be understood as beliefs and feelings that employees have about the ir job, the company in which they work, its goals, and its principles (Shahzad et al. 2012, p. 976). These attitudes depend on a variety of factors, for instance, the nature of work, the rewards that employees receive, the relations between managers and employees, career prospects and the social status that a person receive due to his/her work.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, a manager who strives to change organizational culture will have to manipulate these factors. The problem is that this task is hardly possible. This person would have to change the compensational policies of the company, its structure, and probably the attitude of the community toward a certain profession. For example, the study carried out by Stephen Ackroyd and Phillip Crowdy (1990) shows that the values and behaviour of workers often depend not on organizational, but occupational culture ( p. 4). These authors examined the behaviour of those people who worked in slaughter houses (Ackroyd Crowdy 1990, p. 3). Many of these people viewed their job as a necessary evil, but they did not take much pride in it (Ackroyd Crowdy 1990, p. 3). This example is important because it illustrates that the values and emotions of workers are not dependent on the actions of managers. In some cases, their attempts to manage the values and emotions of workers are not feasible. The advocates of cultural management can say that in some companies workers identify themselves with the organization, for instance, one can mention such corporations as Honda or Toyota (Wilmott 1993, p. 545). Nevertheless, one should take into account that this loyalty to the group can be explained by social and cultural development of Japanese society (Wilmott 1993, p. 545). It cannot be fully attributed to the actions of managers. These are some of the objections to the management of a person’s values or emotions in the workplace. The second issue that should be discussed is how to demonstrate that the change in cultural values has really been made. The first argument that scholars put forward is that there is no theory that describe the construction of personal or group values (Fitzgerald 1988, p. 5). Additionally, Thomas Fitzgerald points out that it is necessary to explain how the values of employees can be replaced or modified and how this change can be measured (1988, p. 9). Yet, this question still has not been examined by psychologists or social scientists. Secondly, managers have to compare old cultural values or emotions of employees with new ones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the attempt to manage employees’ cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to do it, a person should conduct a serious of interviews with employees for several times. Even if a company chooses to conduct such interviews, it is quite possible that workers will give responses that management expects from them. In other words, one cannot ensure the validity of such results. Again the problem of measuring values and attitudes can undermine the very idea of managing the employees’ values, feelings, or emotions. Admittedly, there are some ways in which managers can change the attitudes of workers. For instance, in those companies where leaders encourage workers to take in decision-making, people are more likely to have positive experiences. However, these experiences are the result of long-term effort of the leaders. They cannot be attributed to a short-term planned initiative. For instance, in his article, Michael Rosen (1988) describes a Christmas party that was organized to improve the relations among employees (p. 478). Yet, one cannot ensure that such parties can improve the atmosphere in the workplace. Thus, administrato rs cannot always provide convincing empirical evidence proving that they did change the worker’s values and that this change positively affected the productivity of the company. This methodology has not been fully developed. Apart from that, one can refer to the research conducted by Emmanuel Ogbonna and Barry Wilkninson (2003) who demonstrated that the so-called cultural shift in many companies can be better explained by structural changes, job insecurity, or the threat of punishment (p. 1151). Studies suggest that in most cases, culture change initiatives do not help to internalize the values advocated by the management (Ogbonna Harris, 1998, p. 286). In other words, they may follow the principles or rules that are imposed on them, but they do not see them as internal obligations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, people who claim to produce a cultural change in an organization will have to provide evidence showing that this goal has really been achieved. Currently, psychology or social sciences cannot provide methods for measuring the achievement of this goal. This is one of the main issues that business administrators should take into account. Groupthink and Conformism Many business administrators regard the management of employee’s culture as a positive phenomenon. They believe that this strategy can increase workers’ loyalty to the company, and its goals. Assuming that this goal can be attained, there are many potential problems, and one of them is conformist thinking (Won-Woo 2000, p. 873). It should be noted that very often managers attempt to make workers think and act in a similar way. In their opinion, the adherence to the rules of the company has to be the top priority for an employee. In many cases, such a requirement is quite understandable; moreover, good coordination is necessary for any organization. However, business administrators should remember about the dangers of groupthink. This is a situation when employees cannot critique or question the decisions of top management only because they take their opinion of these managers for granted (Won-Woo 2000, p. 882). Corporate leaders should put more value in individuality to ensure the diversity of opinions in the workplace. Without this diversity of opinion, they companies can become stagnated. As it has been said before the very concept of organizational culture suggest that employees have a shared set of beliefs, feelings, and emotions. Thus, managers attach more importance to collectivism and attachment to the group. This strategy can include to some of the following outcomes: 1) self-censorship or unwillingness to contradict the group; 2) the belief in the infallibility of the group; 3) lack of attention to the details which contradict the dominant views; 4) failure to evaluate and critique the decisions of the organization; 5) poor assessment of risks (Won-Woo 2000, p. 882). Therefore, business administrators should remember that decision-making in their organizations can decline because of their attempts to manage the emotions and cultural values of workers. They can reach a situation when employees will be unwilling or unable to think critically. One can easily assume that the performance of such a company may soon decline. This is the risks that managers should be aware of. Ethical aspects of managing cultural values and emotions Another issue that should be discussed is the ethical aspects of emotions and cultural values of workers. Even it is possible to manipulate the values and emotions of a worker, one can still ask a question whether this activity can be acceptable from an ethical point of view. The thing is that every employee is a unique individual who has a distinct set of goals, beliefs, or principles. In his article, Hugh Willmott (1993) arg ues that companies that try to manipulate the values and emotions of workers closely resemble totalitarian societies (p. 523). He points out that these attempts completely contradict some liberal values of freedom of expression or privacy (Willmott 1993, p. 523). Moreover, a worker might be reduced to a mere cog in the machine. This is one way of looking at this problem and it does not support the idea of creating specific cultural values that should be shared by every employee. Additionally, employees themselves can reject any attempt to influence his/her emotions or values. The problem is that many managers want their employees to be completely loyal to the company. Its needs and goals have to be the top-most priority for them. However, these goals can be achieved in different ways, and some of them may not be ethical. Thus, a question arises as to how an employee should act when the strategies of the company contradict his/her ethical principles. In companies, in which the loyalt y to group is viewed as an obligation, a person can be afraid of acting in an ethical way (Maharaj 2008, p 68). The thing is that in the long-term, this lack of moral independence can eventually produce catastrophic effects on a company. Many of the corporate scandals that broke out during the last decade can be explained by the fact that many people did not try to evaluate the morality of the decisions taken by corporate leaders. For example, one can refer to the well-known Enron scandal which can be partly explained by the firm belief in the morality of the group (Gini 2004, p. 9). Thus, managers should consider how the management of cultural values or emotions can eventually affect the reputation of the company and its public image. Moreover, these initiatives can create a gap between corporate leaders and workers who will believe that they are manipulated. Conclusion Overall, these examples show that the attempts to manage cultural values and emotions of workers can be questione d from ethical and scientific points of view. As it has been shown there is not clear method explaining how business administrators can actually affect the attitudes, goals, feelings, or principles of employees. One of the main problems is that there are no theoretical frameworks that can accurately describe the process of changing or influencing the emotions and values of workers. Secondly, it has been shown that the attitudes of an employee are dependent on many factors like the nature of work, cultural background, his/her social status, and so forth. Not all of these factors can be manipulated or altered by the organization. Additionally, managers should remember that these attempts can compromise ethical principles within the company and impoverish its decision-making. Managers or corporate leaders may like the idea that they can affect employees’ inner world, but at this point this task cannot be done. References Ackroyd, S. Crowdy P 1990 ‘Can Culture be Managed? Working with â€Å"Raw’ Material: The Case of the English Slaughtermen†, Personnel Review, vol. 19 no. 5, pp.3 – 13. Fitzgerald, T 1988, ‘Can Change in Organizational Culture Really Be Managed?’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 17 no. 2, pp. 5-15. Gini, A 2004, ‘Business, Ethics, and Leadership in a Post Enron Era’, Journal Of Leadership Organizational Studies, vol. 11 no. 1, pp. 9-15. Maharaj, R 2008, ‘Corporate governance, groupthink and bullies in the boardroom’, International Journal Of Disclosure Governance, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 68-92. Ogbonna, E, Harris, L 1998, ‘Managing Organizational Culture: Compliance or Genuine Change?’, British Journal Of Management, vol. 9 no. 4, p. 273-288. Ogbonna, E, Wilkinson, B 2003, ‘The False Promise of Organizational Culture Change: A Case Study of Middle Managers in Grocery Retailing’, Journal Of Management Studies, vol. 40 no. 5, pp. 1151-1178. Rosen, M 1988, ‘You Asked for It: Christmas at the Bosses’ Expense’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 25 no. 5, pp. 465-480. Shahzad, F, Luqman, R, Khan, A, Shabbir, L 2012, ‘Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance: An Overview’, Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, vol. 3 no. 9, pp. 975-985. Won-Woo, P 2000, ‘A comprehensive empirical investigation of the relationships among variables of the groupthink..’, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, vol. 21 no 8, pp. 873-887. Wilmott, H 1993, ‘Strength Is Ignorance; Slavery Is Freedom: Managing Culture in Modern Organizations’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 30 no. 4, pp. 515-552. This essay on Is the attempt to manage employees’ cultural values and emotions perfectly reasonable or a step too far? was written and submitted by user Kristen Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death Penalty Debate

Death Penalty Debate Introduction Death penalty has been a serious debate issue both in the United States of America and other parts of the world. There have been those who champion for the abolition of death penalty and there have also been those who want the death penalty to be maintained citing that some criminals cannot be tolerated within the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty Debate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So many nations in the world have been reported to have abandoned the death penalty yet others have continued to use it. It is crucial to mention that death penalty has been used constitutionally by some states to punish political dissidents hence raising the main objectives of the capital punishment in terms of containing felony and other forms of criminal activities all over the world. Similarities between the two articles The first similarity that is very conspicuous between the two articles is tha t they both address the issue of death penalty both within the United States of America and other parts of the world. The two articles are cognizant of the fact there are some states within the United States of America that have actually abolished death penalty as a capital punishment; however, they also recognize that of these states have not abolished the corporal punishment and still apply it in punishing specific class of criminals (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Again, the two articles examine the different modes of meting death penalty in the United States and other parts of the world. Amongst the mode of meting death penalty discussed by the articles are electrocutions through electric chair, lethal injection, gas chambers and firing by hidden prison warders. It is important to note that these articles distinguish these death penalty modes into both historic and current; they also cite technological advancements utilized in the process (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). It is also important to mention that the two articles are cognizant of the fact that the execution of those sentenced to state execution have slowed down over the past several years. They both explain that it has been highly possible that innocent people have mistakenly been executed only to be realized letter that they were innocent people. The slow down has been informed by the fact that there is need for thorough investigations to be conducted before carrying out executions. In the case of the United States of America, the slow down in the execution has been explained by the decision of the Supreme Court to stop the execution until repeals are conclusive on a particular case for which an inmate has been sentenced to death. Both articles have also addressed the fact that some governments have considered abolishing the death penalty (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). For instance, one article states that a good number of states are considering putting a stop to death as a capital penalty within their jurisdictions.Advertising Looking for essay on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, another article reveals that the governor of the state of Illinois, George Ryan made of declaration of a suspension on death penalty and further appointed a commission and charged it with the responsibility of studying the system of capital punishment in the state (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Differences of the two essays As much as the two essays have addressed similar themes, there are some differences that can be pointed out. Whereas one essay has addressed the issue of death penalty in general, another is specific din pointing out the specific cases of executions that have taken place in the past. The essay on the American death penalty history reveals about the studies that have been done on how technological advancement has changed the way death penalty is carried out; for instance, it gives an insight into how death penalty has moved from trap-door gallows to what is known as the â€Å"Upright jerker† to electric chair then to gas chambers and finally to lethal injections. The other article has not addressed this issue. However, it is again important to note that the essay on history of The American death penalty has not addressed some issues that are addressed by the essay on the sow death. The essay slow death gives an insight about pressure to abandon death penalty; for instance, the articles states that in Colorado, one-vote margin was used to put down an uprising meant to go against the death penalty. This has not been hinted by the essay of the history of the American death penalty (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Again, the article on slow death has given statistics regarding death sentencing while the other article has not discussed any form of statistics. In this case, the essay on slow death has systematically given various statistics touchin g on different issues of capital punishment. For instance, it reveals that in 2009, the state and the federal courts sentenced 37 inmates to execution which it recognizes as the lowest number since the year 1994. In 2010, it further states that the number of those sentenced to death reduced to thirty. This makes the essay relevant in predicting that soon death penalty may be a thing of the past; this prediction is not possible with the essay about the history of the American death penalty since it is just a general discussion about death penalty in the United States of America (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). The essay on the slow death has revealed the fact that despite the commitment of various states to put an end to death penalty, there are some states that still strongly mete death penalty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death Penalty Debate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the states is Texas which is described as amongst the world’s busiest executioners handling almost the largest executions in the world. This is stated that will make the United States of America in general unique with respect to abolition of death penalty worldwide. All these issues are not addressed by the other essay on the history of death sentencing in America (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). The essay on slow death has also discussed about the cost of death sentencing to the state and concerned individuals. The cost is examined in terms of moral cost and the financial cost. For instance, the essay indicates that anti-death penalty individuals have argued that the financial cost involved in death penalty issues could be utilized in taking care of unresolved murder issues that still pending within the justice system. In terms of moral cost, the essay on slow death posits that the death punishment has been disputed on the ground of it subverting what Pop John referred to as a â€Å"Culture of li fe.† However, the essay reveals that all these cannot be sufficient grounds on which death penalty should be abandoned. All these issues are also not addressed in the other essay that has dealt with the history of death penalty (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Conclusion Death penalty has been debated by so many people amongst who are those who fight for its abolition and those who favor it its retention within the statutes. The two articles have addressed the issue of death penalty. In the process they have some similarities and differences. Amongst the similar issues addressed by the two articles is the fight by anti-death penalty crusaders for states to abolish death penalty as a corporal punishment and the fact that some states are planning to abolish death penalty and struck it out of their statutory books. However, states like Texas has been described to still strongly cling to death penalty as a way of capital punishment and is not likely to let go any time soon (Bol e pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Two essays have also discussed certain issues differently. The article on slow death has given statistics regarding death sentencing while the other article has not discussed any form of statistics. In this case, the essay on slow death has systematically given various statistics touching on different issues of capital punishment. For example, it indicates that in 2009, the state and the federal courts sentenced 37 inmates to execution which it recognizes as the lowest number since the year 1994. This kind of statistics has not been given the other essay (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2).Advertising Looking for essay on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, the debate about death penalty is knot likely to end soon as long as there are still those who support its statutory relevance and those who view it as an outdated form of punishment and cruelty to humanity, especially with regards to how it is carried out. Even though some states in the United States of America and countries in other parts of the world have started to abolish the penalty other states are actually reinstating it in their constitution (Bole pp.1-3 and Hartnett pp. 1-2). Bole, William. A slow Death. Common Wealth. New York: Common Wealth Foundation, 2009. Hartnett. Stephen. The Death Penalty: An American History. The Journal of American History: New York: Bloomington, 2003.

In septic patients does the use of Etomidate as an induction agent for Essay

In septic patients does the use of Etomidate as an induction agent for endotracheal intubation increases mortality - Essay Example Rapid sequence intubation is the preferred method of intubation in the emergency and trauma units because it carries a decreased risk of patient aspiration and vomiting (Lafferty & Kunkarni, 2008). To facilitate induction, anaesthetic agents like etomidate or midazolam are used. However, practitioners and experts acknowledge that anaesthesia use for intubation and ventilation is hazardous and poorly tolerated in critically ill patients (Mccormick, 2006, p. 1). Mccormick (2006, p. 1) recommends that a trained anaesthetist should be present when this procedure is undertaken. Hypotension is one of the adverse effects that can manifest after induction, hence, the needed presence of the anaesthetist at this stage of the procedure. However, literature on the use of etomidate as an induction agent has been rendered controversial. Bridgewater (n.d, p. 2) claims that this controversy mainly stems from the fact that etomidate actually causes adrenal suppression. Other studies have yet to subst antially prove or disprove the merits of etomidate use in septic patients. Hence, this study is now being undertaken in order to assess the current researches on this subject in the hope of coming up with an academic and evidence-based resolution to this controversy. Data was gathered for this paper in different databases through electronic and library catalogue searches. The MEDLINE electronic database was assessed through the Google search engine. Catalogue searches included ‘anaesthesia etomidate’ and ‘septic patients etomidate’. Index searches of books included the following keywords: ‘etomidate’ and ‘septic patients’. Electronic searches through the Google search engine used the words ‘etomidate induction septic patients’. In order to further specify searches, the words ‘etomidate mortality risk’ and ‘rapid sequence intubation’ were added in. Websites for the Cochrane Library and the